Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP)
The Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) allows eligible international students who graduate from qualifying Canadian institutions to gain valuable work experience in Canada. This experience can help graduates build their careers, develop professional skills and explore potential pathways to permanent residence.
PGWP eligibility depends on several factors, including the institution and study program, the level and duration of study, and applicable language and field-of-study requirements. Eligible graduates may receive an open work permit valid for up to three years, depending on their circumstances and the applicable rules.
Spousal Open Work Permit
Canada’s Spousal Open Work Permit allows eligible spouses and common-law partners of certain international students and foreign workers to work in Canada. It can provide an opportunity for couples to stay together while the accompanying spouse or partner gains Canadian work experience and contributes to household finances.
However, not every spouse or common-law partner qualifies. Eligibility depends on the principal applicant’s circumstances, such as their study program, occupation, work authorization or immigration pathway. For example, spouses of international students may qualify if the student is enrolled in an eligible doctoral or master’s program, or certain other eligible programs. Spouses of foreign workers may also qualify, subject to specific occupational and work permit requirements.
LMIA-Based Work Permit
An LMIA-based work permit can allow eligible foreign nationals to work temporarily in Canada for a Canadian employer. In most cases, the employer must first obtain a positive Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) from Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC). A positive LMIA generally confirms that there is a need to hire a foreign worker and that no Canadian citizen or permanent resident is available to fill the position.
Once the employer receives a positive LMIA, the foreign worker can apply to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) for an employer-specific work permit. Applicants must meet the applicable eligibility requirements and provide supporting documents, such as a job offer, employment contract and LMIA details.
Sponsorship Open Work Permit
If you are being sponsored by your spouse or common-law partner for permanent residence in Canada, you may be eligible to apply for an open work permit while your application is being processed. This can allow you to work in Canada and gain valuable work experience while building your future with your loved one.
To qualify, you generally must be living in Canada with your sponsor, be included in a permanent residence application, and meet the applicable eligibility requirements. In most cases, you must also receive an acknowledgement of receipt (AOR) confirming that your permanent residence application is being processed. Certain exceptions may apply, including in specific situations where your current temporary status is about to expire.
Bridging Open Work Permit (BOWP)
If you have applied for permanent residence in Canada and your current work permit is approaching its expiry date, a Bridging Open Work Permit (BOWP) may allow you to continue working while you wait for a decision on your permanent residence application.
The BOWP is available to eligible applicants under certain permanent residence programs, including Express Entry and the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP), as well as some other qualifying immigration pathways. Unlike an employer-specific work permit, an open work permit generally allows you to work for most employers in Canada, subject to the conditions and restrictions of your permit.
To qualify, you must meet specific requirements relating to your permanent residence application, current immigration status and location in Canada. Simply creating an Express Entry profile or entering the candidate pool does not qualify you for a BOWP; you generally need to have submitted a complete permanent residence application and meet the applicable program requirements.